Bakhtyar Tartibian; Mehdi Kushkestani; Shiva Ebrahimpour Nosrani; Mohsen Parvani
Abstract
Purpose: On the other hand, fatigue is one of the most important indicators of aging syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and fatigue in elderly residents of rest homes in Tehran. Method: This was a descriptive correlational study in which ...
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Purpose: On the other hand, fatigue is one of the most important indicators of aging syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and fatigue in elderly residents of rest homes in Tehran. Method: This was a descriptive correlational study in which 20 rest homes located in Tehran province constituted the study population. By visiting rest homes, the eligible subjects were chosen. Physical activity was measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). The FACIT Fatigue Scale is a short, 13-item, easy to administer tool that measures an individual’s level of fatigue during their usual daily activities over the past week. Nutritional status was evaluated by mini nutritional assessment (MNA). Results: The results of statistical analysis indicated a significant and positive correlation between PASE and FACIT scores (r=0.48, p<0.01) while, there was a significant negative correlation between FACIT score and age (r=-0.23, p<0.01). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between MNA and FACIT (r=0.40, p<0.01). In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between MNA and PASE score (r=0.31, p<0.01). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that holding sports classes under the supervision of exercise physiologists is an essential matter to increase health and prevent age-related complications in elderly residents of Tehran rest homes.
Bakhtyar Tartibian; Alain Massart
Abstract
Background: The immune properties of mothers’ milk are well known. But the effects of physical activity on humeral immune properties of mothers’ milk is still undetermined. Therefore, reports on the impact of exercise on IgA concentrations of mothers’ milk is controversial. The purpose ...
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Background: The immune properties of mothers’ milk are well known. But the effects of physical activity on humeral immune properties of mothers’ milk is still undetermined. Therefore, reports on the impact of exercise on IgA concentrations of mothers’ milk is controversial. The purpose of the present study was the investigation of the effects of selected aerobic exercises in maximum intensity of 60-70% of heart rate reserve on IgA concentrations in breast milk as well as body composition. Method: In this research, 28 sedentary women (29±5.7 years; VO2max 36±4 ml/Kg/min), divided into two exercise and control groups through random sampling, took part. The exercise group performed some particular exercises for 10 weeks whereas the control group did not do so. Milk samples were taken from both groups and measured by the ELISA method. Body composition was also measured in different stages of the study. Results: In the rest status, the two groups were identical in terms of IgA concentrations (p= 0.549) and body composition (p=0.204). IgA concentrations under exercise load of 60% (p=0.060) and 70% (p= 0.001) of the HRR respectively showed a significant increase as compared to the resting status mean values in the two groups. Body composition variables were only of significant values in terms of comparing the general effects, only in the factors of group (p=0.003) and reciprocal effect of the grouping - the duration of the exercises (p=0.024). Conclusions: The results of this research show that, under the effects of moderate intensity exercise, the mothers’ secretory immune system experiences some changes. Therefore, IgA concentrations in the milk increase. In addition, with the reduction of fat weight, the decrease of fat mass percentage, and increase in the body density, the level of the mothers’ aerobic fitness is increased, which is in no contradiction with their lactation performance.
Diako Heidary; Aref Mehdipour
Abstract
Background & Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cardio kickboxing workouts on cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, quality of life, and sleep quality of young male students living in dormitories.Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design ...
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Background & Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cardio kickboxing workouts on cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, quality of life, and sleep quality of young male students living in dormitories.Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. To carry out this research, 20 male students in the Allameh Tabatabaei University dormitory were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups, each group consisting of 10 people. In order to determine cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, quality of life, and sleep quality, Queen''''''''s College Step Test (QCT), body fat percent using calipers, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were employed, respectively.Results: Based on the analysis of covariance of the data related to pretest and posttest of the two experimental and control groups, the data of four variables of fat percentage, cardiorespiratory endurance, quality of life, and sleep quality in the posttest were significantly different between the two groups that this statistical test was conducted at a significance level of P = 0.05.Conclusion: It appears that cardio kickboxing workouts have a positive impact on the health of male students in dormitories.
Exercise Physiology
Mohaddeseh Bashtani; Kamian Khazaei
Abstract
Purpose: The world is getting old. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease, which in case of no intervention, this ratio reaches 4 more advanced stages in people over 85 years old. Some methods have shown that they can be effective in preventing and slowing down the course of the disease. The purpose ...
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Purpose: The world is getting old. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease, which in case of no intervention, this ratio reaches 4 more advanced stages in people over 85 years old. Some methods have shown that they can be effective in preventing and slowing down the course of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of aerobic exercise program on the quality and Lipid profile related to sleep in the elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Method: 22 elderly people with Alzheimer's disease were randomly divided into two groups of 11 people: aerobic exercise and control. The subjects in the aerobic training group practiced three sessions every week for twelve weeks and each session lasted for 45 minutes. The sleep quality of the subjects was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI). Lipid profile related to sleep (TG, TC, LDL, HDL) was also measured by blood sampling before and after twelve weeks of aerobic training. Results: The results showed that the sleep quality of the subjects improved by 31% in the Pied Heroi group, which was statistically significant. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the changes of TG (p=0.034), TC (p=0.017), LDL (p=0.006), and HDL (p=0.016) in the aerobic training group. The results of the independent t test also showed that there was a significant difference in sleep quality between the aerobic exercise and control groups. However, no relationship was observed between changes in sleep quality and changes in Lipid variables related to sleep. Conclusion: It can be concluded that twelve weeks of aerobic exercise improves sleep quality along with Lipid profile related to sleep in the elderly with Alzheimer's disease and will be useful as a way to treat sleep problems in the elderly.
Mehdi Kushkestani; Mohsen Parvani; Shiva Ebrahimpour Nosrani; Seyed Yousef Bathaeezadeh
Abstract
Background and Pupose: Hypertension and poor sleep quality can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, etc. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body compositions with hypertension and sleep quality in male students living in Allameh ...
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Background and Pupose: Hypertension and poor sleep quality can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, etc. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body compositions with hypertension and sleep quality in male students living in Allameh Tabataba'i University dormitory. Material and Method: The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of 170 male dormitory students of Allameh Tabataba'i University who were randomly selected. First, body composition indices and blood pressure of subjects were measured and recorded. Then, the Pittsburgh Questionnaire were completed by students (PSQI) to assess their sleep quality. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software at a significant level (P
Shahnaz Shahrjerdi; Masoud Golpayegani; Saeid Basatpour Avar
Abstract
Purpose: Low back pain is one of the most common health problems of the world. Very different causes can cause back pain. Approximately 85% of people who are examined for low back pain the cause is not specific. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the knee abnormalities on pain ...
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Purpose: Low back pain is one of the most common health problems of the world. Very different causes can cause back pain. Approximately 85% of people who are examined for low back pain the cause is not specific. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the knee abnormalities on pain intensity and functional fitness in middle aged men with the chronic nonspecific low back pain. Method: The statistical community of this study includes 30 people of patient’s male with nonspecific chronic low back pain in the age range of 30-50 years with one of the abnormalities of genu varum or genu valgum. Results: The research findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (dependent t and independent t tests). The research findings indicate that both the pain and disability of the experimental groups have significantly decreased after applying selected of corrective programs (Stretching muscles and short elements and strengthening weakened muscles). Sitting frog, walking with the inner edges of the legs, pressure to enter the wall with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu varum. passing legs from one side to another in the form of scissors in liner mode, passing the medicine ball to the wall with the inside of the legs, walking with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu valgum (p<0.05). While the two variables in the control group did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Conclusions: According to the results and considering the conditions prevailing on the research samples, it can be concluded that knee abnormalities (genu varum and genu valgum) affected by pain intensity and functional fitness efficacy in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients and Corrective exercises of these abnormalities has had a significant effect on reduce pain and disability index.
Exercise Physiology
shahab roozbahani; yaghob changizi; mohamad ahadiyan
Abstract
Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important metabolic disorders that different societies are facing with increasing prevalence. Aerobic exercises are a common type of exercise that reduces the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and regulates blood pressure. The purpose of ...
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Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important metabolic disorders that different societies are facing with increasing prevalence. Aerobic exercises are a common type of exercise that reduces the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and regulates blood pressure. The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on fasting glucose and several serum indicators of cardiovascular disease, in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In 2023, 20 women who referred to the Hamadan Diabetes Association voluntarily participated as subjects in this research and were randomly assigned to aerobic (10 people) and control (10 people) groups. The exercise program of the aerobic group included 3 running sessions per week with an intensity of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate for 12 weeks. In order to measure fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile [low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c)], blood sampling was done before and after 12 weeks of exercise program. SPSS software and Kologrov Smirnov and Student's t test were used to check and analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise, HbA1c (P=0/027), LDL-c (P=0/012) and fasting blood glucose (P=0/043) decreased significantly in the aerobic group. But no significant changes were observed in HDL-c and BMI. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that performing aerobic exercises leads to a decrease in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and improvement in lipid profile, so it can probably be a useful way of treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.
Tooba Tabibzadeh; Hamid Ghasemi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the public relations status of Sports and Youth Organization in Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The present research was applied and study was a consecutive hybrid exploratory strategy and is implemented by qualitative content analysis and questionnaire ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the public relations status of Sports and Youth Organization in Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The present research was applied and study was a consecutive hybrid exploratory strategy and is implemented by qualitative content analysis and questionnaire quantitative survey. Method: Statistical society in qualitative section, ten people in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provincial authority of sports and youth, and in quantitative personnel in public relations department and 46 provincial active board and sports reporters in the province in total there were 150 people. Data collection tool was a face-to-face interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, a questionnaire was designed and its face and content validity was evaluated by several experts in the field of public relations and sport management and its construct validity was done by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0/94. Results: The qualitative data were analyzed by qualitative data encoding method and in quantitative part of descriptive statistics, frequency table was included and in the inferential part Friedman test was used. Conclusions: The results showed that the public relations status of Sports and Youth Organization in this province was below average, and Friedman's test showed that the importance, rank, and status of public relations were totally different.
Nazanin Rasekh; Hossein Zareian; Hamid Ghasemi; Zohreh Rezaie
Abstract
Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to study the challenges, opportunities and solutions of the championship sports for Iranian women. Method: The research method was mixed,and different methods were applied to serve the purpose of this research. The research sample was selected from the main ...
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Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to study the challenges, opportunities and solutions of the championship sports for Iranian women. Method: The research method was mixed,and different methods were applied to serve the purpose of this research. The research sample was selected from the main population (N=172) following Morgan’s sample size determination (118). Open and closed questionnaires were used to measure the effect of each of the challenges and opportunities with a Likert's five-item scale. Results: The findings showed that 9 opportunities and 19 challenges exist regarding Iranian women’s championship sports. Conclusions: Though investigations of women’s sports in internal and external fields show progress in Iranian women’s sports, they do not show any desirable growth compared to male sports, which isdue to social restrictions and other factors.
Lila Kiani; Shahin Byeranvand; Aref Barkhordari; Behzad Bazgir
Abstract
Propose: The thyroid hormones (T3, TSH, T4, and FT4) play a role in energy balance and regulation of energy expenditure. The aim present study to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic training on thyroid hormone levels in inactive girls. Method: A total 30 inactive girls students were ...
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Propose: The thyroid hormones (T3, TSH, T4, and FT4) play a role in energy balance and regulation of energy expenditure. The aim present study to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic training on thyroid hormone levels in inactive girls. Method: A total 30 inactive girls students were randomly selected and divided to training group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The training group doing research protocol for four week (three session per week of 70% maximal heart rate), also the control group was not intervened during the study. However, elevation anthropometric index before protocol training study. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the first and after the last training session. For analysis data used T-test at significant level p<0.05. Results: Results showed a significant reduction of T3 (P<0.05), but no significant change were observed at T4, TSH, FT4 levels after training (P˃0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed that moderate aerobic training of 70% maximal heart rate have minimum effect on thyroid hormones in inactive adolescent girls.
Batoul Jalali-Kahnooj; Mohammad Reza Batavani; Mohsen Ghofrani
Abstract
Background: Vaspin is an adipokine secreted from fatty tissues that has serious effects on adipose tissues, muscles, liver, and inflammation. Purpose: The study aimed at determining the effects of 8 weeks of combined training (resistance and endurance) on the serum vaspin level in obese girls. Method: ...
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Background: Vaspin is an adipokine secreted from fatty tissues that has serious effects on adipose tissues, muscles, liver, and inflammation. Purpose: The study aimed at determining the effects of 8 weeks of combined training (resistance and endurance) on the serum vaspin level in obese girls. Method: The examinees consisted of 25 obese female students (BMI> 30) from Sistan-Baluchestan University in 2016-17 academic years who voluntarily participated in the research. Samples were divided randomly into two groups: Training (n = 13) and Control (n = 12). Combined training group had both resistance training (5 stations of foot press, Lat pulldown, biceps curl, knee flexion and knee extension for 75-70 minutes) and; endurance was running on the treadmill; in the 2 first weeks, with 60% HRmax for 25 minutes, in the 3-6th weeks with 75-65% HRmax for 35 minutes, and in the 6-8th weeks with 75 -85% HRmax for 40 minutes, continuously, for 3sessions each week. Also 10 minutes at the beginning and at the end of the training were warm up and cool down for athletes. It should be noted that during this period the control group did not participate in any kind of sports activities. After receiving the consent forms, the examinees were given enough information regarding the research procedure and their blood samples were obtained in a standard position, collected in pipes containing EDTA, and centrifuged 24 and 48 hours before and after the first and last training sessions, respectively. The obtained plasmas were kept at -80 °C and their serum vaspin concentrations were measured by ELISA method using the special Human Vaspin kit. To analyze the data, the paired and independent t-test and SPSS-21 Software were performed; the meaningfulness level p was considered to be less than 0.05 (p < 0.05). Results: Results showed that after 8 weeks of combined training, the vaspin levels, weight, BMI, WHR, and %BF decreased meaningfully in the training Group compared to the control Group (P <0.05). Conclusions: considering the meaningful vaspin reduction in this study, it seems that combined training (resistance and endurance) is beneficial to obese and overweighed people.
Leila Nazari; Keivan Shabani Moghaddam
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental knowledge and sport event organizers' support for sustainable management in sport. The present study is a descriptive-survey and field study. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 40 questions ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental knowledge and sport event organizers' support for sustainable management in sport. The present study is a descriptive-survey and field study. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 40 questions was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research topic. The construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis of more than 0.3 and its reliability was confirmed byCronbach's alpha of 0.83. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers and organizers of sport events in ten provinces of the country with approximately 1000 peope. The sample size was 278 according to Morgan table, Due to the size, number and difficulty of access, the available sampling method was used to collect the samples and finally 254 questionnaires were returned. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-19 software. The results showed that the level of environmental awareness in the sample was in the range of 0 to 8 and the mean of the total sample was 3.55 with a standard deviation of 1.61. These results indicate a low level of awareness of environmental issues in the sample under study. In the present study, it seems that there is little awareness of environmental issues that may be effective in shaping people's attitudes toward the intention to support environmental issues in sporting events. Since human attitudes are driven by consciousness, it is therefore necessary to change attitudes by providing a context for raising awareness and enabling appropriate behavior. Therefore, determining the level of knowledge and attitude of individuals is the first step in determining and delivering educational programs.
Ali Benesbordi; Javad Fesanghari; Samaneh Ranjbar; Narges Bidkhori
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand, design and price on the perceived quality and re-intention of consumers to buy sport brand shoes. This is an applied research conducted as a descriptive correlational study in field form. The statistical population of this study included ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand, design and price on the perceived quality and re-intention of consumers to buy sport brand shoes. This is an applied research conducted as a descriptive correlational study in field form. The statistical population of this study included all physical education students across different educational levels in Iran. In this research, 720 questionnaires were collected by random cluster sampling. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with PLS software was used to analyse the data of this research. The results of this study show that design with a coefficient of 0.36, price with 0.27, and brand with 0.26 have a significant effect on quality perceived by customers. The results of this research also show that perceived quality with an effect coefficient of 0.49 has a significant effect on customers’ purchase intention. Generally speaking, it can be concluded that the components of design, price, and brand of sport shoes for Iranian physical education students are very important. Famous brands in the world need to pay particular attention to these components to tap into this lucrative market in Iran and increase their re-purchasing intention by influencing consumers’ perceived quality.
Mehdi Kushkestani; Shiva Ebrahimpour Nosrani; Mohsen Parvani; Sohrab Rezaei; Negin Karimi Nazar
Abstract
Background: Volleyball is known as sport that requires high physical fitness, including muscle power, agility and reaction; hence, body composition and anthropometric features play important roles in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric and ...
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Background: Volleyball is known as sport that requires high physical fitness, including muscle power, agility and reaction; hence, body composition and anthropometric features play important roles in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric and body composition indices with lower limb explosive power in female volleyball players. Material and method: This correlational study was conducted in which 16 semi-professional female volleyball players with an average age of 20.4 ± 1.34 years and BMI of 22.09 ± 3.42 kg/m2 voluntarily participated. All volleyball players had a history of participation in the Tehran province volleyball league. First, data were collected and recorded by demographic questionnaire. Then, the body composition (fat percentage, muscle mass, visceral fat) was measured and recorded in the 3-hours fasting condition by body analysis device (OMRUN Bf511). Finally, Sargent Vertical Jump Test was used to evaluate explosive power of the lower limb muscles. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient was used at the significant level p Conclusion: The results of this study show that resistance training along with volleyball specific power training can increase the muscle mass as well as it is at the same time.
Elaheh Medadi Nansa; Farzad Ghafouri
Abstract
There is almost a global consensus over this fact that well-being is the ultimate purpose of any policy-making, especially in democratic governments. Participating in organized sports is regarded as one of the important social grounds (institutions) with the potential capability of supporting the mental ...
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There is almost a global consensus over this fact that well-being is the ultimate purpose of any policy-making, especially in democratic governments. Participating in organized sports is regarded as one of the important social grounds (institutions) with the potential capability of supporting the mental health. High and long-term participation and attractive environments make organized sports a significant and positive instrument for facilitating the population level change in case of health treatments such as promoting the mental health, enhancing the emotional/social performance and the life quality related to social relationships. Taking part in sports spaces and fields or watching the sport matches create this feeling in the individuals that there is something going on that is far more important than the scores and results; as if the collective mind is given a new energy, and the individuals experience a sort of joy and happiness caused by participating in sport events or just watching them. Sports can be an attractive environment for supporting the subjective well-being, which can be realized by focusing on the importance of sports in childhood and adolescence, while supporting the subjective well-being in such periods and considering its positive effects on the future periods of life. Since subjective well-being is considered as a developmental index of societies and regarding the significant role of sports and physical activities in creating such feeling, it seems necessary that more attention be paid to sports and principled investments be done in this social institution, besides having responsible management and planning. The instances of such marks can be enumerated as the development of sport clubs, development of sport for all, building health roadin public places like parks and sidewalks, and providing sports and sports facilities for all categories and groups of the society regardless of gender, age and ethnicity.
Roohollah Mohammadi Mirzaei
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was done to specify the impacts of a protocol called “living high, training low and high (LHTLH)”on serum ET-1 and EPO levels as well as the 3000-m performance of endurance runners in Iran’s national team. Method: eight male runners (aged24.4±3.1, height ...
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Purpose: The present study was done to specify the impacts of a protocol called “living high, training low and high (LHTLH)”on serum ET-1 and EPO levels as well as the 3000-m performance of endurance runners in Iran’s national team. Method: eight male runners (aged24.4±3.1, height of 180.5±4.2, weight of66.7±3.4 and BMI of20.1±5.0kg/m2) who cooperated voluntarily with regard to middle distance and marathon running (R2M system training) at high and low altitudes. All case studies did 3000-m test and blood samples were taken at a time period of 24-hours before and after the test. The intended tasks consisted of continuous, interval, aerobic and resistance exercises. The runners were to take part in 16 training sessions each week. It should be noted that the training lasted for 11 weeks according to (LHTLH) protocol. Variance with repeated measures (P≤0.05) was utilized as the method to analyze the collected data. Results: It was shown that 3000-m time underwent significant decrease with regard to the time of impact both before and after the training. However, there were not significant changes in EPO (P≥0.05). On the contrary the amount of ET-1 demonstrated significant increase (P≤0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that 3000-m time at lower altitudes will decrease on account of certain training programs. The reason is not directly related to the level of EPO. It is through hematological and metabolic changes as well as increase of ET-1 levels that performance under hypoxic and normoxic states happens to improve in the real sense.
Ali Jamshidi; Javad Shahlaee; Gholamali Kargar
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to optimize and improve the status of ticket sales at Tehran Azadi Stadium and reduce customer waiting times in queues using methods Simulation and Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). First, using objective observation and time-out, the waiting time for spectators ...
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The purpose of the present study was to optimize and improve the status of ticket sales at Tehran Azadi Stadium and reduce customer waiting times in queues using methods Simulation and Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). First, using objective observation and time-out, the waiting time for spectators in the ranks of the ticket and presentation and physical examination calculations and then using the simulation software, The entire service process has been simulated from the moment the ticket is purchased until the moment they enter the stadium, and the average waiting time for spectators in the queue for the provision of services is calculated. And then we look at the problems with ticket sales. Also, using interviews with elite and expert people, there are some ways to reduce waiting times for customers in the queue. And each of these views was examined using the simulation software; then scenarios were developed to improve the status quo and then, using multi-criteria decision-making methods, we ranked the scenarios and selected the best scenario.
Javad Ziaolhagh; Marzieh Darvishi; Saeid Naghibi
Abstract
Purpose: Creatine is the most important and commonly used supplement in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of moderate altitude and short-term Creatine supplementation on musculoskeletal damage indicators in male climbers. Method: 16 male hikers with at least ...
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Purpose: Creatine is the most important and commonly used supplement in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of moderate altitude and short-term Creatine supplementation on musculoskeletal damage indicators in male climbers. Method: 16 male hikers with at least 2 years of hiking experience selected. Subjects (age 30.6±6.3 yrs.), (height 178.3±6/4 cm), (weight 77.6±11.25kg) were randomly divided into experimental (Creatine supplement) and control groups (placebo). The experimental group consumed 20 gr/day of the supplement for 5 days, while the control group received a placebo. The first blood samples were taken before the hiking session at the location of program. Hiking program consisted of ascending to Tochal peak at an altitude of 3961m. The second blood samples were taken after returning from the peak at an altitude of 3750 meters. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test and K-S test with a significant coefficient of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between LDH and AST enzyme levels in post-test compared to pre-test in both AST (P = 0.13) and ALT (P = 0.001) levels Control group. Also, climbing to 4000 m altitude with Creatine supplementation had no significant effect on LDH (P = 0.78) and AST (P = 0.86) levels between groups. Conclusions: The results showed that changes in muscle damage enzymes are independent of Creatine supplementation.
Mohammad Bostaki; Farzad Ghafouri; Gholamali Kargar
Abstract
Objective: Football, as the most viewed event in stadiums overflowed with very many spectators, has turned into the most popular sport across the world. The purpose of this study was to compare the factors affecting the technical and ethical performance of professional football athletes off-field. Methodology: ...
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Objective: Football, as the most viewed event in stadiums overflowed with very many spectators, has turned into the most popular sport across the world. The purpose of this study was to compare the factors affecting the technical and ethical performance of professional football athletes off-field. Methodology: The research method of this research is descriptive survey implemented by completing a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included all athletes, referees, and coaches, members of the technical staffs and members of professional soccer clubs as well as members of the federation and football board of Tehran during the 18th round of the country premier league. The research sample was 384 people who were selected by purposeful sampling method and according to Morgan table. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by the professors of physical education and football experts and the reliability level was calculated to be 0.89 based on the Cronbach's alpha that was done by Exploratory Factor Analysis and Friedman test by SPSS version 24 and Liserl 8.8 software. Results: The present study was surveyed on the basis of effective factors off-field, that is the most important factors off-field were federation and family and the status of the club were the least important factor in the technical and ethical performance of professional football athletes. Conclusions: Supervision and education can play an important role, and family as the first social unit can be also of importance in this respect. After family, the FFIRI should take basic measures for culture-building and detailed reflections on its activities.
Mohammad Taghi Aghdasi; Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani; Saba Mohammad Alinezhad; Sahand Eslami; Fatemeh Farrokhzad
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks physical and mental rotation training on the balance and falling of elderly women. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and two-way ANOVA, which is also t-test designed. Tools included: ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks physical and mental rotation training on the balance and falling of elderly women. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and two-way ANOVA, which is also t-test designed. Tools included: mental rotation questionnaire and functional reach test. The participants included: 36 patients (12 subjects in three groups of physical training, mental rotation and control group) have been randomly selected among the elderly women of an elderly Centre in Tabriz. The training program was administered in two groups of physical training and mental rotation for eight weeks, at three sessions in a week and a group of control with no intervention. For data analysis, the SPSS software, version 21 was used. Results: One-way ANOVA showed, the mean balance among the elderly women was significantly different from the physical training group. The relationship between post-test mental rotation and pre-test physical training was significant at the 0.01 level. Also, the relationship between the post-test mental rotation group and the pre-test mental rotation group was significant at the level of 0.05 and the relationship between mental rotation and balance among elderly women is significant at the 0.01 level, at the end the relationship between mental rotations and falling in the elderly was significant at 0.05 level. Conclusions: The results of this research indicates that the physical training and mental rotation training had a positive effect on the balance of the elderly women and it also showed that the elderly women of the physical training group had more improvement on balance than mental rotation groups. So, this research indicates that, cognitive abilities and movements could be facilitating and effective in this way.
Bakhtyar Tartibian; Mehdi Kushkestani; Shiva Ebrahimpour Nosrani
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Overweight and obesity in childhood are associated with the potential risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of moderate endurance training on lipid profile and body composition of ...
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Background and Purpose: Overweight and obesity in childhood are associated with the potential risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of moderate endurance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight girls. Material and Method: The present study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design, in which 19 overweight girls aged 8 to 12 were randomly selected. Before and after intervention, body composition of subjects was measured under fasting conditions by BODY LOGIC BODY FAT ANALYZER and biochemical indices were measured and recorded by enzyme-calorimetric method. Results: Statistical analysis showed that 12 weeks of endurance training resulted in a significant reduction in triglycerides levels (p<0.025) and body fat percentage (p<0.002), while no significant change was found in cholesterol serum levels and body mass index. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that moderate intensity endurance training lead to improvement of body composition and biochemical parameters related to obesity in overweight girls, which reflected the vital role of these training in preventing obesity and related cardiovascular diseases among children and adolescents.
Rahman Sheikhhoseini; Parisa Sayyadi; Hashem Piri
Abstract
Background: Along with the outbreak of coronavirus and quarantine practices in many countries, physical activities have certainly been severely restricted. The purpose of this review was to investigate the role of technology in maintaining and improving physical health. Method: For this systematic review ...
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Background: Along with the outbreak of coronavirus and quarantine practices in many countries, physical activities have certainly been severely restricted. The purpose of this review was to investigate the role of technology in maintaining and improving physical health. Method: For this systematic review study, the research method in this study included searching on PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles written in English and Persian in peer reviewed journals that examining the effect of electronic games and virtual reality on physical fitness were selected for analysis. Then, the eligible studies classifieds based on the study population ages. Results: Of 12563 studies found, 14 studies were eligible to enter the study. Research has shown that the use of technology significantly affect gait, balance, strength, flexibility, and mental functioning of the elderly, as well as balance, strength, endurance, and cognitive abilities in adults and children's physical endurance. Conclusions: According to studies under review, the use of technology has a significant effect on improving and maintaining the physical and mental fitness of people in different ages. So, we can suggest using exergame and virtual reality exercises as a possible intervention to promote and maintain physical and mental fitness in quarantine.
Exercise Physiology
Mohaddeseh Bashtani; Sina Radaei; Rozhan karami; Nazanin Zahra Azizi; Kamian Khazai
Abstract
Purpose: Physical activity is effective on the serum level of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine and also reduces psychological disorders such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of walking on plasma levels of dopamine and the level of depression in ...
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Purpose: Physical activity is effective on the serum level of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine and also reduces psychological disorders such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of walking on plasma levels of dopamine and the level of depression in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease. Method: In this semi-experimental study, 20 women with Alzheimer's disease with an average age of 73.5 ± 7.72 years who were suffering from moderate to severe depression according to the Beck questionnaire with the opinion of a psychiatrist in a targeted manner and the sample available for were selected to participate in the research. The subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups of 10 people, including the experimental group (walking) and the control group (without regular physical activity). The subjects in the walking group exercised on the treadmill for eight weeks three sessions per week and each session lasted 30-45 minutes with an intensity of 60-75% of the maximum heart rate. Before and after the exercise intervention, blood samples were taken from the cubital vein of all participants in a 12-hour fasting state. Serotonin and dopamine levels were evaluated by ELISA method. The results were extracted using the paired t test and covariance at a significance level of 0.5. Results: 8 weeks of walking led to a significant increase in dopamine levels (p=0.005) and a significant decrease in depression (p=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: It seems that walking can have positive effects on some neurotransmitters and reduce the level of depression in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease.
Mehri Pouyandekia; Zhaleh Memari
Abstract
Purpose: Today, in many developed countries, talent management throughout is the long-term process, under the supervision of expert executive managers and coaches, has been done and is an important concept in football. Therefore, in many developed countries, talented people can come to talent programs ...
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Purpose: Today, in many developed countries, talent management throughout is the long-term process, under the supervision of expert executive managers and coaches, has been done and is an important concept in football. Therefore, in many developed countries, talented people can come to talent programs and received trained continuously to become professional players. Method: In this study, based on German's football talent management program, and procedure informed by Sandelowski and Barroso's qualitative meta-synthesis. Results: The suggested model has three sections: 1- hardware system, 2- software system, and 3- many subsystems that are collaborating in an executive context. Achievements of this program are not just the detection of talented young players at an early age, but rather a long-term process that is a high-level management program, which, for full success, requires collaboration between many organizations such as the government, football association, footballleagues, clubs, academies, education schools, football schools, coaches, and players. Conclusions: According to results, the growing process of this cycle and its periodic revision show the brilliant future of the German football community in gaining championship and promoting the national identity of Germany over the years. We hope that by studying this system we can introduce it to the researchers and officials in developing countries, who are interested in furthering a developmental view of football.
Volume 3, Issue 5 , June 2021, , Pages 5-10
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created extraordinary challenges and prompted remarkable social changes around the world of sports. Consecutive delays in official and international competitions have become a common concern for competitive athletes. It seems that the involvement of ...
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created extraordinary challenges and prompted remarkable social changes around the world of sports. Consecutive delays in official and international competitions have become a common concern for competitive athletes. It seems that the involvement of athletes in this uncertain future in the long run will pose a serious threat to the mental health and well-being of athletes. In this editorial, we presented some constructs of the Positive Psychology to show how the Positive Psychology can increase resilience levels of competitive athletes in order to cope with the challenges COVID-19 has posed to the sporting world.
