Exercise Physiology
André Luís Simões Zacharias; Paula Regina Mendes da Sil Serrão
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to relate the pathophysiological knowledge of Osteoarthritis to the specific context of professional soccer, addressing the risks and consequences for athletes of the modality. The search bases used were PubMed, LILACS, Scielo, Embase and Google Scholar and ...
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The objective of this narrative review was to relate the pathophysiological knowledge of Osteoarthritis to the specific context of professional soccer, addressing the risks and consequences for athletes of the modality. The search bases used were PubMed, LILACS, Scielo, Embase and Google Scholar and the narrative review model was applied to synthesize the relevant information. Professional soccer participation exposes players to the highest frequencies and intensities of loads and joint injuries in the lower limbs. These factors are associated with greater risks of osteoarthritis development. Retired soccer athletes have a high prevalence of the disease. This scenario provides an impairment network that connects symptoms and joint limitations to the reduction in the quality of life of this population. Understanding microprocesses through the study of specific pathophysiological pathways, contribute to the evolution of monitoring, prevention and early intervention strategies for this population.
Exercise Physiology
Yi Ching Fang; Jia-Tzer Jang; Chia-Hui Chen; Te-Sheng Chen; Yasmin Pakzad-Mayer; Peter Karl Mayer
Abstract
Background: Researchers have studied practical applications of high-intensity interval training and hypoxic training. PGC-1α, IGF-I, and HIF-1α are generated from high-intensity interval training and affect muscle cells. Altitude training also produces HIF-1α, which induces erythropoietin ...
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Background: Researchers have studied practical applications of high-intensity interval training and hypoxic training. PGC-1α, IGF-I, and HIF-1α are generated from high-intensity interval training and affect muscle cells. Altitude training also produces HIF-1α, which induces erythropoietin and increases the number of red blood cells. However, due to the limit on training intensity and cycle, it was replaced by normobaric hypoxia training. Purpose: To investigate the effects of 2-day high-intensity interval training on muscular anaerobic metabolism at varying oxygen concentrations for 2 days. Method: Ten subjects performed 2 consecutive days of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxic training (IHHT); intensity of training was determined by the sprint test results. IHHT comprised 4 sets of 3 repetitions for 40 seconds (4 × 3 × 40 s); the intensity and oxygen concentration were 80% of maximal effort and 13% oxygen for the first and third sets, and were 90% of maximal effort and 21% oxygen for the second and fourth set; participants walked for 3 min wearing an oxygen mask (O2 80%) before each set. Differences in biological parameters between the two days of training was analyzed by t-test. Results: The difference of mean lactate levels between two days were 0.96 ± 0.75 mmol/l at Set 3 (P = .003) and 1.05 ± 1.12 mmol/l at Set 4 (P = .016), respectively. Mean ammonia concentrations at Set 4 were 117.70 ± 29.8 μmol/l for the first day and 94.50 ± 14.45 μmol/l for the second day (P = .057). The difference of heart rate were 4.20 ± 5.05 min-1 at Set 1 (P = .027) and 4.00 ± 5.48 min-1 at Set 2 (P = .046). Conclusions: Two-day intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxic training affected lactate and heart rate.
Exercise Physiology
Mehdi Kushkestani; Mahsa Moghadassi; mohsen parvani; raheleh baradaran
Abstract
Purpose: It has been well proven that type 2 diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases leading to many complications and mortality every year. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on FTO and PPAR-y gene expression in muscle tissue of obese diabetic ...
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Purpose: It has been well proven that type 2 diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases leading to many complications and mortality every year. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on FTO and PPAR-y gene expression in muscle tissue of obese diabetic rats. Study design: This experimental study was performed on 12 male Wistar rats (10 weeks old and 220±20 g bodyweight). Methods: Animals received 6 weeks high-fat diet and then in order to induce type 2 diabetes an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 30 mg/kg freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (Sigma, USA) solved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) was performed. Diabetic rats were divided into two (Resistance and control) groups randomly. The resistance program included 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week. The muscle expression of FTO and PPAR-γ was measured using the real-time PCR method. Independent t-test and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to compare the means. Results: The muscle mRNA expression of PPAR-γ and body weight significantly increased after 6 weeks of resistance training (p=0.031, p=0.037; respectively) but there was no significant change in the muscle mRNA expression of FTO (p=0.317). Also, blood glucose significantly decreased in the training group compared to the control group (p=0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be noted that 6-week resistance training by decreasing glucose levels and increases insulin sensitivity, and the muscle expression of PPAR-γ plays a prominent role in the control and treatment of type 2 diabetes in obese patients.