Abd El-Kader, S. M., Gari, A. M., & El-Den, A. S. (2013). Impact of moderate versus mild aerobic exercise training on inflammatory cytokines in obese type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial. African Health Sciences, 13(4), 857–863.
Allen, D. L., Hittel, D. S., & McPherron, A. C. (2011). Expression and function of myostatin in obesity, diabetes, and exercise adaptation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(10), 1828.
Banaeifar, A., Ebrahimpor, S., & Tabatabaie, H. (2019). The Effect of resistance training on GLUT4 expression in muscle tissue, glucose and insulin resistance in rats. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 26(6), 46–57.
Cha, S. W., Choi, S. M., Kim, K. S., Park, B. L., Kim, J. R., Kim, J. Y., & Shin, H. D. (2008). Replication of genetic effects of FTO polymorphisms on BMI in a Korean population. Obesity, 16(9), 2187–2189.
Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 diabetes. The Lancet, 389(10085), 2239–2251.
Corriveau, P., Paquette, A., Brochu, M., Prud’homme, D., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., & Lavoie, J.-M. (2008). Resistance training prevents liver fat accumulation in ovariectomized rats. Maturitas, 59(3), 259–267.
de Bem, G. F., Costa, C. A., Santos, I. B., Cristino Cordeiro, V. da S., de Carvalho, C. R. M., de Souza, M. A. V., Soares, R. de A., Sousa, P. J. da C., Ognibene, D. T., & Resende, A. C. (2018). Antidiabetic effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) extract and exercise training on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A positive interaction. PloS One, 13(6), e0199207.
Dos Santos, J. M., Moreli, M. L., Tewari, S., & Benite-Ribeiro, S. A. (2015). The effect of exercise on skeletal muscle glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: An epigenetic perspective. Metabolism, 64(12), 1619–1628.
Eizadi, M., Mirakhori, Z., & Amini, A. (2019). The effect of 8-week resistance training on IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle and glycemic profile in diabetes rats. Archives of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 5(1), 23– 30.
Eizadi, M., Ravasi, A. A., Soory, R., Baesi, K., & Choobineh, S. (2016). The effect of three months of resistance training on TCF7L2 expression in pancreas tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 4(1), 12–34014.
Eizadi, M., Soory, R., Ravasi, A., Baesy, K., & Choobineh, S. (2017). Relationship between TCF7L2 Relative Expressions in Pancreas Tissue with Changes in Insulin by High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Type 2 Diabetes Rats. SSU_Journals, 24(12), 981–993.
Esser, N., Legrand-Poels, S., Piette, J., Scheen, A. J., & Paquot, N. (2014). Inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 105(2), 141–150.
Farrell, P. A., Fedele, M. J., Hernandez, J., Fluckey, J. D., Miller III, J. L., Lang, C. H., Vary, T. C., Kimball, S. R., & Jefferson, L. S. (1999). Hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in diabetic rats in response to chronic resistance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(3), 1075–1082.
Gleeson, M., Bishop, N. C., Stensel, D. J., Lindley, M. R., Mastana, S. S., & Nimmo, M. A. (2011). The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: Mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease.
Nature Reviews Immunology, 11(9), 607–615.
Goldspink, G. (2005). Mechanical signals, IGF-I gene splicing, and muscle adaptation. Physiology, 20(4), 232–238.
Gutch, M., Kumar, S., Razi, S. M., Gupta, K. K., & Gupta, A. (2015). Assessment of insulin sensitivity/resistance. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19(1), 160.
Hertel, J. K., Johansson, S., Sonestedt, E., Jonsson, A., Lie, R. T., Platou, C. G., Nilsson, P. M., Rukh, G., Midthjell, K., & Hveem, K. (2011). FTO, type 2 diabetes, and weight gain throughout adult life: A meta-analysis of 41,504 subjects from the Scandinavian HUNT, MDC, and MPP studies. Diabetes, 60(5), 1637–1644.
HU, H., & CHEN, C. (2004). Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Rosiglitazone on the Expression of PPARY and GLUT4 in KM Mice. Journal of Guangzhou Physical Education Institute.
Hussey, S. E., McGee, S. L., Garnham, A., McConell, G. K., & Hargreaves, M. (2012). Exercise increases skeletal muscle GLUT4 gene expression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 14(8), 768–771.
Karstoft, K., & Pedersen, B. K. (2016). Exercise and type 2 diabetes: Focus on metabolism and inflammation. Immunology and Cell Biology, 94(2), 146– 150.
Kilpeläinen, T. O., Qi, L., Brage, S., Sharp, S. J., Sonestedt, E., Demerath, E., Ahmad, T., Mora, S., Kaakinen, M., & Sandholt, C. H. (2011). Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: A metaanalysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children. PLoS Medicine, 8(11), e1001116.
Kim, J.-C. (2016). The effect of exercise training combined with PPARγ agonist on skeletal muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in induced diabetic obese Zucker rats. Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry, 20(2), 42.
Klöting, N., Schleinitz, D., Ruschke, K., Berndt, J., Fasshauer, M., Tönjes, A., Schön, M. R., Kovacs, P., Stumvoll, M., & Blüher, M. (2008). Inverse relationship between obesity and FTO gene expression in visceral adipose tissue in humans. Diabetologia, 51(4), 641–647.
Kushkestani, M., ENosrani, S., Parvani, M., & Rezaei, S. (2020). The Relationship between the Level of Physical Activity and Dementia in Elderly Residents of Nursing Homes in Tehran. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 29(3), 22437–22443.
Kushkestani, M., Parvani, M., Bathaeezadeh, S. Y., & pour Nosrani, S. E. (2020). The Evaluation of Differenceson Geriatric Syndromesbetween Active and Sedentary Elderly. Journal of Sports Science, 8, 56–66.
Kushkestani, M., Parvani, M., & Kazemzadeh, Y. (2021). SARS-COV-2 in type 2 diabetic patients: Possible roles of exercise training as a medicine. Current Diabetes Reviews.
Kushkestani, M., Parvani, M., Moghadassi, M., & Baradarn, R. (2022). The Effect of Six-Week High-Intensity Interval Training on Muscle Expression of FTO and PPAR-Γ in Obese Diabetic Rats. Iranian Journal of Health Sciences, 10(2), 29–39.
Kushkestani, M., Parvani, M., Nosrani, S. E. P., & Rezaei, S. (2020a). The Relationship between Anthropometric Indices and Lipid Profiles InOfficeEmployees. Journal of Sports Science, 8, 76–82.
Kushkestani, M., Parvani, M., Nosrani, S. E., & Rezaei, S. (2020b). The Physical Activity and Fall Risk among Iranian Older Male Adults. The Open Nursing Journal, 14(1).
Kushkestani, M., Parvani, M., Nosrani, S. E., Rezaei, S., & Karimi, M. (2020). Lipid Profile and Hepatic Enzymes Differences between Pre-diabetes and Normal Staff. Journal of Sports Science, 8, 67–75.
Kushkestani, M., Parvani, M., Rezaei, S., & Moradi, K. (2020). Lifestyle Modifications Can Suppress Non-Communicable Diseases in the Iranian Men Elderly. 2(11), 45–57.
Liguori, R., Labruna, G., Alfieri, A., Martone, D., Farinaro, E., Contaldo, F., Sacchetti, L., Pasanisi, F., & Buono, P. (2014). The FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) is associated with metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese subjects from southern Italy. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 28(4), 195–199.
Ma, Q., Li, Y., Li, P., Wang, M., Wang, J., Tang, Z., Wang, T., Luo, L., Wang, C., & Zhao, B. (2019). Research progress in the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 117, 109138.
McPherron, A. C., Guo, T., Bond, N. D., & Gavrilova, O. (2013). Increasing muscle mass to improve metabolism. Adipocyte, 2(2), 92–98.
Nascimento, G. A. do, Leite, N., Furtado-Alle, L., Teixeira, M. D., Souza, R. L. R. de, Milano, G. E., Silva, L. R. da, Pizzi, J., Lopes, W. A., & Lopes, M. de F. A. (2018). FTO rs9939609 does not interact with physical exercise but influences basal insulin metabolism in Brazilian overweight and obese adolescents. Journal of Obesity, 2018.
Pighon, A., Paquette, A., Barsalani, R., Chapados, N. A., Yasari, S., Doucet, E., & Lavoie, J.-M. (2009). Substituting food restriction by resistance training prevents liver and body fat regain in ovariectomized rats. Climacteric, 12(2), 153–164.
Safarzade, A., & Talebi-Garakani, E. (2014). Short term resistance training enhanced plasma apoA-I and FABP4 levels in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 13(1), 1–8.
Sailer, C., Schmid, V., Fritsche, L., Gerter, T., Machicao, F., Niess, A., Häring, H.-U., Stefan, N., Fritsche, A., & Heni, M. (2016). FTO genotype interacts with improvement in aerobic fitness on body weight loss during lifestyle intervention. Obesity Facts, 9(3), 174–181.
Saremi, A., Gharakhanloo, R., Sharghi, S., Gharaati, M. R., Larijani, B., & Omidfar, K. (2010). Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on serum myostatin and GASP-1. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 317(1–2),
25–30.
Shabkhiz, F., Khalafi, M., Rosenkranz, S., Karimi, P., & Moghadami, K. (2020). Resistance training attenuates circulating FGF-21 and myostatin and improves insulin resistance in elderly men with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled clinical trial. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–10.
Sohaily, S., Eizadi, M., & Tarmast, D. (2020). Effect of resistance training on FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous fatty tissue in diabetic wistar rats. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 21(4), 53–59.
Solomon, T. P., Malin, S. K., Karstoft, K., Kashyap, S. R., Haus, J. M., & Kirwan, J. P. (2013). Pancreatic β-cell function is a stronger predictor of changes in glycemic control after an aerobic exercise intervention than insulin sensitivity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(10), 4176–4186.
Spangenburg, E. E., Brown, D. A., Johnson, M. S., & Moore, R. L. (2009). Alterations in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mRNA expression in skeletal muscle after acute and repeated bouts of exercise. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 332(1), 225–231.
Sun, Y.-P., Lu, N. C., Parmley, W. W., & Hollenbeck, C. B. (2000). Effects of cholesterol diets on vascular function and atherogenesis in rabbits. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 224(3), 166–171.
TARTIBIAN, B., & KUSHKESTANI, M. (n.d.). Evaluation of changes and correlation between adipocytokines, body fat percentage after 12 weeks endurance training in obese girls. Human Movement, 22(1), 25–30.
Tartibian, B., Kushkestani, M., & Ebrahimpour Nosrani, S. (2019). The effect of 12-week endurance training on lipid profiles and fat percentage of overweight girls. New Approaches in Sport Sciences, 1(1), 189–200.
Tartibian, B., Kushkestani, M., Rezaei, S., & Baradaran, R. (2020). Anthropomorphic and Body Composition Differences in Prediabetes and Normal Subjects. New Approaches in Sport Sciences, 2(3), 145–162.
Teppala, S., & Shankar, A. (2010). Association between serum IGF-1 and diabetes among US adults. Diabetes Care, 33(10), 2257–2259.
Tontonoz, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008). Fat and beyond: The diverse biology of PPARγ. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 77, 289–312.
Tunstall, R. J., Mehan, K. A., Wadley, G. D., Collier, G. R., Bonen, A., Hargreaves, M., & Cameron-Smith, D. (2002). Exercise training increases lipid metabolism gene expression in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 283(1), E66–E72.
Vatandoust, N., Rami, F., Salehi, A. R., Khosravi, S., Dashti, G., Eslami, G., Momenzadeh, S., & Salehi, R. (2018). Novel high-fat diet formulation and streptozotocin treatment for induction of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in rats. Advanced Biomedical Research, 7.
WHO. (2021). Diabetes. https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/diabetes
Yang, D., Yang, Y., Li, Y., & Han, R. (2019). Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: From mechanism to orientation. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 74(4), 313–321.
Yang, J. (2014). Enhanced skeletal muscle for effective glucose homeostasis. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 121, 133–163.
Yaspelkis III, B. B., Singh, M. K., Trevino, B., Krisan, A. D., & Collins, D. E. (2002). Resistance training increases glucose uptake and transport in rat skeletal muscle. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 175(4), 315–323.
Yazdanpazhooh, S., Banaeifar, A., Arshadi, S., & Eizadi, M. (2018). Six Weeks Resistance Training Effect on FTO Expression in Type II Diabetes Rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 10(4), 216–222.
Yazdanpazhooh, S., Banaeifar, A., Arshadi, S., & Eizadi, M. (2019). The effect of resistance training on PPARy expression in subcutaneous fat tissue of diabetic rats with high fat diet and STZ. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 26(8), 68–77.
Zheng, F., & Cai, Y. (2019). Concurrent exercise improves insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by upregulating PPAR-γ and genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in ApoE-KO mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipids in Health and Disease, 18(1), 1–8.
)