Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on serum levels of WISP1, TNF-α, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in obese women with T2D. Methods:In this semi-experimental study, 24 obese women with T2D were randomly assigned to either the experimental (exercise) group or the control group. The experimental group performed aerobic exercise for 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week at 70% of their maximum heart rate. The control group did not participate in any structured physical activity. Pre-test and post-test measurements of anthropometric variables, serum WISP1, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR were taken. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent t-tests for between-group comparisons. Results:The results showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage in the experimental group (p < 0.001 for body weight and BMI; p = 0.012 for body fat percentage). Serum WISP1 levels significantly decreased from 100.36 ± 15.45 ng/mL to 90.20 ± 13.50 ng/mL (p = 0.002), and TNF-α levels decreased from 13.12 ± 3.60 pg/mL to 10.34 ± 3.15 pg/mL (p = 0.002). HOMA-IR also improved significantly from 4.71 ± 1.35 to 3.56 ± 1.00 (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In conclusion, aerobic exercise significantly improved body composition, reduced inflammatory markers, and enhanced insulin sensitivity in obese women with T2D. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise can be an effective strategy for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes.