Exercise Physiology
shima sharareh; Pantea Kianmeh
Abstract
Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition leading to muscle stiffness, spasticity, and reduced flexibility, particularly in the posterior chain muscles. Myofascial release (MFR), has shown promise in improving flexibility in various populations, but the cumulative effects of ...
Read More
Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition leading to muscle stiffness, spasticity, and reduced flexibility, particularly in the posterior chain muscles. Myofascial release (MFR), has shown promise in improving flexibility in various populations, but the cumulative effects of increasing the number of sessions have not been well-studied in individuals with MS. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week myofascial stretching training program on the flexibility of posterior chain muscles in individuals with MS, with a focus on evaluating the cumulative effects of increasing the number of sessions. Method: A total of 30 female participants with MS were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a group receiving myofascial stretching training twice per week (n=15), and a group receiving training four times per week (n=15). Flexibility of the posterior chain muscles was assessed using the Sit and Reach (S&R) test at baseline, after 6 weeks of the intervention. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in S&R scores in both intervention groups. The group receiving training four times per week demonstrated greater flexibility improvements than the group receiving training twice per week, suggesting a cumulative effect of increasing the number of sessions. Conclusion: A six-week myofascial stretching training program can effectively improve the flexibility of posterior chain muscles in individuals with MS. Increasing the frequency of sessions from twice per week to four times per week leads to greater cumulative improvements in flexibility. These findings have important implications for the design of rehabilitation programs targeting flexibility in individuals with MS.
Exercise Physiology
alireza babaei mazreno; farzane taghian; esmaeil babaei
Abstract
Purpose: This meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of aerobic, isometric, and resistance exercises on visual acuity and eye health in the elderly population. With the aging population at increased risk of ocular conditions such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy, ...
Read More
Purpose: This meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of aerobic, isometric, and resistance exercises on visual acuity and eye health in the elderly population. With the aging population at increased risk of ocular conditions such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy, this research seeks to identify which type of exercise is most beneficial for maintaining or improving eye health.Research Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published between [Year] and [Year]. Studies were included if they focused on elderly populations and assessed the effects of aerobic, isometric, or resistance exercise on visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal health, or other relevant measures of eye health. Data were extracted and statistically analyzed to determine the comparative effects of these exercise modalities.Results: A total of [X] studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing [X] participants with a mean age of [X] years. The meta-analysis revealed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced intraocular pressure and improved retinal health markers, while resistance exercise was associated with enhanced visual acuity and a reduction in the progression of AMD. Isometric exercises showed minimal impact on eye health compared to the other exercise types. The results suggest that aerobic and resistance exercises are effective non-pharmacological interventions for preserving eye health in the elderly.Discussion: The findings of this meta-analysis support the hypothesis that physical exercise, particularly aerobic and resistance training, can have a prote
Exercise Physiology
Mahdi shams
Abstract
Stress is a fundamental response of the body to various environmental pressures, impacting physical and mental health across age groups. After birth, infants enter a phase known as the Stress Hyporesponsive Period (SHRP), during which their physiological responses to stressors are significantly diminished. ...
Read More
Stress is a fundamental response of the body to various environmental pressures, impacting physical and mental health across age groups. After birth, infants enter a phase known as the Stress Hyporesponsive Period (SHRP), during which their physiological responses to stressors are significantly diminished. This stage is crucial as it shapes how individuals respond to stress later. Research indicates that the type and severity of stress experienced during the SHRP can have long-lasting implications, affecting stress reactivity in adulthood. Consequently, there is growing interest in utilizing exercise and physical activity as tools to mitigate the effects of stress. Various sports strategies and exercise regimens are adopted by health professionals to manage both physiological and psychological stressors. Notably, exercise has emerged as an important therapeutic option for various medical conditions, contributing to improvements in individuals’ mental well-being and physical fitness. Moreover, the objectives of this research extend beyond mere treatment; they also involve the enhancement of individuals' physiological traits. This study examines the scientific literature over the past decade regarding the Stress Hyporesponsive Period and analyzes research articles. By focusing on the relationship between exercise and stress response, this research aims to fill existing gaps and explore new pathways for understanding the interactions between physical activity and stress responses.
Exercise Physiology
yasamin yarahmadi
Abstract
The pathophysiology of heat stress occurs when the body's environmental and physiological responses exceed its ability to maintain homeostasis. When internal heat signals or external factors raise body temperature beyond a certain limit that the cooling mechanisms can effectively manage, the resulting ...
Read More
The pathophysiology of heat stress occurs when the body's environmental and physiological responses exceed its ability to maintain homeostasis. When internal heat signals or external factors raise body temperature beyond a certain limit that the cooling mechanisms can effectively manage, the resulting increase in core temperature triggers response pathways that themselves induce physiological stress. The primary response mechanisms to heat stress include sweating, peripheral vasodilation, and shivering as thermogenic responses—all of which are activated by elevated temperatures and may seem counterproductive to the body's requirements, yet they operate through a neuromuscular and hormonal feedback system. Genetic factors influence individual heat tolerance; for instance, certain populations have variations in heat shock proteins (HSP70) and ion channels (TRPV1, RYR1) that enhance their heat response and tolerance. Additionally, individuals with higher relative VO2 max levels demonstrate greater heat tolerance, as those who are physically trained exhibit more sudomotor activity and effective evaporative cooling compared to untrained individuals. Furthermore, individuals who acclimatize to heat over time develop improved thresholds for heat stress, enabling them to better regulate internal and cardiovascular temperature stresses during exposure. This knowledge is crucial for populations at risk and in situations where physical exertion is required in hot conditions.
