Exercise Physiology
Mohaddeseh Bashtani; Sina Radaei; Rozhan karami; Nazanin Zahra Azizi; Kamian Khazai
Abstract
Purpose: Physical activity is effective on the serum level of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine and also reduces psychological disorders such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of walking on plasma levels of dopamine and the level of depression in ...
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Purpose: Physical activity is effective on the serum level of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine and also reduces psychological disorders such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of walking on plasma levels of dopamine and the level of depression in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease. Method: In this semi-experimental study, 20 women with Alzheimer's disease with an average age of 73.5 ± 7.72 years who were suffering from moderate to severe depression according to the Beck questionnaire with the opinion of a psychiatrist in a targeted manner and the sample available for were selected to participate in the research. The subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups of 10 people, including the experimental group (walking) and the control group (without regular physical activity). The subjects in the walking group exercised on the treadmill for eight weeks three sessions per week and each session lasted 30-45 minutes with an intensity of 60-75% of the maximum heart rate. Before and after the exercise intervention, blood samples were taken from the cubital vein of all participants in a 12-hour fasting state. Serotonin and dopamine levels were evaluated by ELISA method. The results were extracted using the paired t test and covariance at a significance level of 0.5. Results: 8 weeks of walking led to a significant increase in dopamine levels (p=0.005) and a significant decrease in depression (p=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: It seems that walking can have positive effects on some neurotransmitters and reduce the level of depression in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease.
Exercise Physiology
Neda Rajamand; Bakhtyar Tartibian; Seyed Morteza Tayebi
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of HIFT exercise, on creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood serum in overweight adult men. Method: Twenty-two untrained non-smoker overweight men (age, 42.9 ± 5.6 years; body mass, 94.2 ± 9.3 kg; ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of HIFT exercise, on creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood serum in overweight adult men. Method: Twenty-two untrained non-smoker overweight men (age, 42.9 ± 5.6 years; body mass, 94.2 ± 9.3 kg; body height, 178.9 ± 4.5 cm; and BMI, 29.04 ± 3.3 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this study and performed a session of HIFT exercise with 80-85% HRmax consisting of three sets of 10 exercises. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after training to measure serum CK and LDH levels. Results: The HIFT protocol significantly increased serum CK (Pre: 114.6 U/L; Post: 124.3U/L; p< 0.05{t=-5.48, p=0.001}); Also, LDH had a significant increase (pre:213.4 U/L, post: 225.4U/L; p<0.05{t=-4.09, p=0.001}). Conclusion: It can be concluded that HIFT with AMRAP (as many repeats as possible) protocol will lead to a significant increase in some indicators of muscle damage such as CK and LDH levels in overweight men. This protocol can lead to muscle damage in overweight men.
Exercise Physiology
zahra jalili; hamid marefati
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation exercise program on post-COVID-19 patients. Method: Three patients (two women and one man) with different severities, from moderate to severe, were selected. Blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen, and body function were ...
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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation exercise program on post-COVID-19 patients. Method: Three patients (two women and one man) with different severities, from moderate to severe, were selected. Blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen, and body function were measured at the beginning and end of the exercises, which included 12 sessions of arm and leg cycle ergometer and treadmill with adjustable resistance levels. Patients’ functionality was assessed using the Barthel index, and their quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Results: Regarding the first patient, oxygen saturation increased from 85 to 95, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) result increased from 0 to 420 meters, and the Barthel index increased from 35 to 85. For the second patient, arterial oxygen saturation increased from 82 to 92, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) result increased from 0 to 390 meters, and the Barthel index increased from 30 to 90. For the third patient, arterial oxygen saturation increased from 87 to 96, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) result increased from 320 to 510 meters, and the Barthel index increased from 60 to 85. All the patients showed improvements in their physical functions, such as walking, personal affairs, and quality of life. This functional improvement was higher in more severe levels of the disease. Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that pulmonary rehabilitation exercises for post-COVID-19 patients can contribute to the improvement of their status, arterial oxygen level, quality of life, and pulmonary functionality.
Exercise Physiology
mansour enayatjazi; samira enayatjazi; neda ghadiri; abuzar fathi
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-weeks endurance training on volume and capacity of lungs (forced expiratory volume in 1second, Forced vital capacity, ratio FEV1/FVC) and its relationship with BMI in Male Smoking students. Method: In order to accomplish this research ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-weeks endurance training on volume and capacity of lungs (forced expiratory volume in 1second, Forced vital capacity, ratio FEV1/FVC) and its relationship with BMI in Male Smoking students. Method: In order to accomplish this research 20 cigarette addicted men students referred to the smoking cessation clinic were randomly selected and were divided into two groups of experimental (n=10) (age: 15.33 ± 2.07 years and BMI: 25.41 ± 3.55 kg/m2) and the control group (n = 10) (age: 15.10 ± 2.81 years and BMI: 27.26 ± 66 kg/m2). The Spirometry indexes (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC), height and weight were measured Prior and after 8-weeks of endurance training. Experimental group performed 8-weeks of progressive endurance training (3 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) which included running with the intensity of 75% MHR. Intensity of exercise was controlled by maximum heart rate and the formula of (220-age) and the intensity level and duration of exercises increased in each session. Data analysis was done by using the variance analysis method for repetitive data and the independent T-test. Results: The results of this study showed that after eight weeks of endurance training, Spirometry indexes (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC) significantly increased (P<0.05), and this increase had a negative relation with BMI (P<0.05, r=-0.62). Conclusion: the study showed that eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training improved volume and lung capacity of Male Smoking students and it could partly remove the damaging effects of smoking on physical and psychological health and it can help them quit smoking as well.
Exercise Physiology
Diako Heidary; Rasul Eslami; bakhtyar tartibian
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the performance indicators between different football positions using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in Iranian Premier League football players.This is quasi-experimental study. To conduct this research, 18 football players who are members of a club in the ...
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The purpose of this study is to compare the performance indicators between different football positions using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in Iranian Premier League football players.This is quasi-experimental study. To conduct this research, 18 football players who are members of a club in the Iranian Premier League were selected as the available sample, and the players were divided into 6 groups based on the game post. Then the data related to the players' performance (total distance, distance traveled with maximum speed, duration of maximum speed, maximum speed, sprints, number of accelerations, and number of decelerations) in 6 consecutive matches Collected using Global Positioning System (GPS). Also, one-way ANOVA analysis and SPSS software were used for data analysis at a significant level (α = 0.05).Based on the findings of the present study, between different football positions for the variables of total distance (P≤0.00), distance traveled at maximum speed (P≤0.00), duration of maximum speed (P≤0.00), maximum speed (P≤0.00), sprints (P≤0.00), number of accelerations (P≤0.00) and number of decelerations (P≤0.00) there are significant differences.There are many fundamental differences between the performance indicators of different football positions with each other it is necessary to recognize these differences and it is necessary to consider special exercises according to the physiological needs of each post.
Exercise Physiology
Mohaddeseh Bashtani; Kamian Khazaei
Abstract
Purpose: The world is getting old. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease, which in case of no intervention, this ratio reaches 4 more advanced stages in people over 85 years old. Some methods have shown that they can be effective in preventing and slowing down the course of the disease. The purpose ...
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Purpose: The world is getting old. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease, which in case of no intervention, this ratio reaches 4 more advanced stages in people over 85 years old. Some methods have shown that they can be effective in preventing and slowing down the course of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of aerobic exercise program on the quality and Lipid profile related to sleep in the elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Method: 22 elderly people with Alzheimer's disease were randomly divided into two groups of 11 people: aerobic exercise and control. The subjects in the aerobic training group practiced three sessions every week for twelve weeks and each session lasted for 45 minutes. The sleep quality of the subjects was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI). Lipid profile related to sleep (TG, TC, LDL, HDL) was also measured by blood sampling before and after twelve weeks of aerobic training. Results: The results showed that the sleep quality of the subjects improved by 31% in the Pied Heroi group, which was statistically significant. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the changes of TG (p=0.034), TC (p=0.017), LDL (p=0.006), and HDL (p=0.016) in the aerobic training group. The results of the independent t test also showed that there was a significant difference in sleep quality between the aerobic exercise and control groups. However, no relationship was observed between changes in sleep quality and changes in Lipid variables related to sleep. Conclusion: It can be concluded that twelve weeks of aerobic exercise improves sleep quality along with Lipid profile related to sleep in the elderly with Alzheimer's disease and will be useful as a way to treat sleep problems in the elderly.
Exercise Physiology
shahab roozbahani; yaghob changizi; mohamad ahadiyan
Abstract
Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important metabolic disorders that different societies are facing with increasing prevalence. Aerobic exercises are a common type of exercise that reduces the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and regulates blood pressure. The purpose of ...
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Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important metabolic disorders that different societies are facing with increasing prevalence. Aerobic exercises are a common type of exercise that reduces the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and regulates blood pressure. The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on fasting glucose and several serum indicators of cardiovascular disease, in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In 2023, 20 women who referred to the Hamadan Diabetes Association voluntarily participated as subjects in this research and were randomly assigned to aerobic (10 people) and control (10 people) groups. The exercise program of the aerobic group included 3 running sessions per week with an intensity of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate for 12 weeks. In order to measure fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile [low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c)], blood sampling was done before and after 12 weeks of exercise program. SPSS software and Kologrov Smirnov and Student's t test were used to check and analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise, HbA1c (P=0/027), LDL-c (P=0/012) and fasting blood glucose (P=0/043) decreased significantly in the aerobic group. But no significant changes were observed in HDL-c and BMI. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that performing aerobic exercises leads to a decrease in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and improvement in lipid profile, so it can probably be a useful way of treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.
Exercise Physiology
Malihe Jafari; bakhtyar tartibian; Seyed Morteza Tayebi
Abstract
Background: Limited research has investigated the use of chamomile as an antioxidant supplement in team sports. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chamomile extract on antioxidant indices in young female futsal players. Methods: 20 young female futsal players (Average age: ...
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Background: Limited research has investigated the use of chamomile as an antioxidant supplement in team sports. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chamomile extract on antioxidant indices in young female futsal players. Methods: 20 young female futsal players (Average age: 22.08 ± 5.03 years, weight: 54.4 ± 8.62 kg, and body mass index: 20.56 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were divided randomly into two groups, experimental group (10 people) and control group (10 people). The experimental group consumed 1500 mg/day of the supplement for one week, while the control group received a placebo. Both groups were nutritionally controlled during this period. After the end of the intervention period, two simultaneous futsal matches were held for two groups (two teams of 5 players in each match). Anthropometric characteristics were evaluated in resting conditions and biochemical markers were measured before the intervention, immediately after the competition, and 30 minutes after the competition. Data analysis was performed using the repeated measurement variance test. The level of significance was considered at P<0.05. Results: The results showed a significant increase in SOD levels (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in CAT levels (P<0.05) immediately after the competition in the supplement group, but this significance was not seen 30 minutes after the competition. Conclusion: One-week consumption of chamomile improves antioxidant defense in young female futsal players. Conducting studies with long-term follow-up to confirm these findings should be considered.
Exercise Physiology
Reza SadrHaris; Zeynab Arbabi; Mehdi AslanKhoani; Farhad Ranjbarzadeh Yamchi
Abstract
Purpose: The number of damages and severity of the injury has increased in recent years in handball. Recent studies have reported that functional testing before the season is associated with future injuries of athletes. However, the findings related to these studies are inconsistent. The current study ...
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Purpose: The number of damages and severity of the injury has increased in recent years in handball. Recent studies have reported that functional testing before the season is associated with future injuries of athletes. However, the findings related to these studies are inconsistent. The current study aims to examine the accuracy of functional testing to predict the amount and severity of lower limb injuries of handball athletes in Tehran. Method: 80 people of handball players (men) of league clubs of Tehran in the age range of 20-30 years were purposefully selected. Next, functional testing, including the Y balance, single-leg jump, and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was taken from them. The hours of exercise and competition for teams, along with the number of players' injuries, were recorded during the half-season of competitions. To predict the severity and incidence rate of the injury, the univariate curve estimation regression test was used. Results: The results of this test showed that among functional testing, only single-leg jump (p= 0.035) could predict the severity of the injury incidence, and none of the tests the incidence rate of the injury (p> 0.05). Conclusions: It can be said that only single-leg jump can predict the severity of weak injuries (less than 10 lost days), and screening tests of functional activities have a very limited application to identify the handball athletes at risk of the injury.
Exercise Physiology
Reza Gharakhanlou; Leila Fasihi
Abstract
The phenomena of fatigue of voluntary muscular effort is intricate and multidimensional in the field of sports sciences. The causes and effects of exercise-induced fatigue have been extensively studied, but the central nervous system's (CNS) involvement in this process is still unclear. In order to understand ...
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The phenomena of fatigue of voluntary muscular effort is intricate and multidimensional in the field of sports sciences. The causes and effects of exercise-induced fatigue have been extensively studied, but the central nervous system's (CNS) involvement in this process is still unclear. In order to understand CNS fatigue after physical activity, the current review will examine changes in neurotransmitter function during exercise. Using primary sources such scientific journals and websites, a consensus and critical evaluation were carried out in order to accomplish this goal. For a number of neurotransmitters, including dopamine and serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine), hypotheses have been established. The most well-known one is a rise in serotonin levels throughout the brain. Nutritional interventions intended to reduce brain serotonin synthesis during extended exercise enhance endurance performance, and there is strong evidence that increases and decreases in brain serotonin activity during prolonged exercise, respectively, accelerate and delay fatigue. There are several physiologically connected causes of fatigue. It is important to better understand how CNS effects affect fatigue in order to achieve maximum muscle performance in both daily life and athletics.
Exercise Physiology
Naser Behpoor; Saeid Naeimi; Ahmad Fasihi
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic problem worldwide, which is associated with hyperglycemia and structural and functional disorders of the nervous system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on serum glucose levels, weight changes and ...
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Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic problem worldwide, which is associated with hyperglycemia and structural and functional disorders of the nervous system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on serum glucose levels, weight changes and Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) protein expression in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Method: For this study, the samples included 48 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old), which were divided into 4 groups: control (C), the diabetes control (DC), diabetes-training (DT) and exercise (T). In order to induce diabetes, streptozotocin injection was used. 5 sessions per week of endurance activity were performed for 6 weeks. 48 hours after the completion of the exercise program, hippocampal tissue was dissected and extracted. ELISA method and one-way variance test were used to analyze the data. Resalts: Based on the results, serum glucose levels decreased after six weeks of endurance training (p=0.001). The amount of IGF-1 in group DC was significantly lower compared to all groups DT, T, and C (P≤0.05). But the DT group had no significant difference with the C and T groups (P=0.210 and P=0.226, respectively). On the other hand, the amount of IGF-1 in group T was only significantly different from group D (P=0.001). The correlation between blood glucose and IGF-1 was significant (p=0.001, r=0.820). Conclusion: Diabetes reduces IGF-1 and hyperglycemia, but exercise moderates the effect of diabetes on IGF-1. Considering the appropriate duration of training and the correlation of this protein with blood glucose, maybe endurance training can reduce the negative effect of diabetes.
Exercise Physiology
Mohaddeseh Bashtani; Parvaneh Rahimi Ghazi; Nazanin Zahra Azizi; Elahe Khodashenas; Bita Hoseinzade; kamian khazaei
Abstract
Purpose: Sleep quality decreases with age, and as a result, sleep complaints are common in the elderly, especially for inactive people with Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between respiratory indices and sleep quality in active and inactive elderly ...
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Purpose: Sleep quality decreases with age, and as a result, sleep complaints are common in the elderly, especially for inactive people with Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between respiratory indices and sleep quality in active and inactive elderly women with Alzheimer's disease. Method: In this research, 24 elderly women with Alzheimer's disease (with an average age of 72.3±7.25 years, height 158.23±6.12 cm and weight 70.23±8.12 kg) voluntarily and after obtaining consent, they participated in two active (12 people) and inactive (12 people) groups. Respiratory indices were measured using a Micro Lab Spirometer. The Pittsburgh questionnaire was used to check sleep quality. Independent t-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: The average score of sleep quality in the active group was significantly lower than the inactive group (p=0.013). Also, the parameters of expiratory volume with pressure in the first second (p=0.046), maximum voluntary ventilation (p=0.021), forced vital capacity (p=0.033), strong expiratory flow 25 to 75% in the active group was significantly higher than the inactive group. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that sports activity can be an effective factor in improving the quality of sleep and the functioning of the respiratory system in patients with inactive Alzheimer's disease.
Exercise Physiology
saeed naeimi; akbar sazvar; azam feyzi
Abstract
Purpose: Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone density among older adults that can cause painful fractures and disability. One of the most important effective non-pharmacological interventions is having appropriate and continuous physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship ...
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Purpose: Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone density among older adults that can cause painful fractures and disability. One of the most important effective non-pharmacological interventions is having appropriate and continuous physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase with femur bone mineral density in active and inactive men. Method: This study was semi-experimental. 35 active and 35 inactive elderly men aged 65 to 80 years with medical records were selected. Anthropometric characteristics, serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase of subjects were used as effective indicators of osteoporosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between femur mineral density and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 Software. Results: The results of this research showed that in both groups of active and inactive men, there was a significant relationship between serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase and femur mineral density (P≤0.05). No significant relationship was found between the height index and mineral density of the femur (P≥0.05). Conclusions: In general, the results show that there is a significant relationship between bone density and weight, age, calcium, phosphorus, and serum alkaline phosphatase of all subjects, and the effect of exercise on other bone density indicators can be investigated.
Exercise Physiology
Fatemeh Khodadadi-Mian Abadi; Ali younesian; Ali Livani
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research was the effect of 4 weeks of interval training and Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on the initial recovery of respiratory muscle strength in inactive people. Method: This research was semi-experimental. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 30 healthy ...
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Purpose: The aim of this research was the effect of 4 weeks of interval training and Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on the initial recovery of respiratory muscle strength in inactive people. Method: This research was semi-experimental. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 30 healthy and inactive students of Shahrood University of Technology with an average age of 30±10 years. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups (IMT, Interval and Sham exercises). The parametric test of one-way analysis of variance with repeated measurement and dependent t-test with 95% confidence was used with SPSS 26 softwar. Results: Inspiratory muscle strength showed a significant increase in IMT and interval training groups (P<0.05). Also, the time to return to the initial state of respiratory muscle strength decreased significantly in all three groups (P>0.05), the largest decrease was related to the IMT and sham exercise groups, and the interval exercise group experienced a smaller decrease than the other two groups. Conclusions: It seems that IMT training is more effective than interval training in increasing the strength of respiratory muscles and improving the return to the initial state of the strength of these muscles.
Exercise Physiology
Shirin Asadi; Rasoul Eslami
Abstract
Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which is on the rise in recent years especially in Iran. Although there has been much progress in MS treatment, there is no definitive cure for it. Considering high prices of prescription drugs and their serious side effects as well as, impact ...
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Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which is on the rise in recent years especially in Iran. Although there has been much progress in MS treatment, there is no definitive cure for it. Considering high prices of prescription drugs and their serious side effects as well as, impact of this illness on function efficiency of individuals, it seems that exercise training is one of the effective, cheap, and without side effects methods, in improvement of the performance of MS patients. In this regard, the present study aimed to provide comprehensive information on the background and the latest studies conducted to evaluate the effect of various exercise trainings (resistance, aerobic, core stability, Pilates, and combined) on this disease. Methods: An electronic search from 1994 to 2022 was performed in the Magiran, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases to find published articles. The keywords were multiple sclerosis, physical activity, exercise, training, aerobics, resistance, combined, core stability and Pilates. Different articles were selected and reviewed according to relation with subject. Results: The results indicated that various exercise training with different duration, intensity, and frequency cause different adaptations in people. Furthermore, regular continuous combined exercise training can be more effective than one type of exercise training in improvement and reduction of the symptoms of MS disease. The mechanism of improvement in combined exercise training can be justified due to the benefits of concurrent use of two or more types of training protocols. Conclusions: It can be said that the combined use of exercise trainings is the most useful and effective method for these patients. However, more studies on the best combination of exercise trainings for MS patients should be done in the future.
Exercise Physiology
Sanaz Alami; Babak Nakhostin-Roohi
Abstract
Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) frequently occurs in daily life. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is defined as pain in the lumbosacral area of the spine, of more than 12 weeks' duration. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-power therapy (HPL) with core stabilization exercise (CSE), in the ...
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Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) frequently occurs in daily life. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is defined as pain in the lumbosacral area of the spine, of more than 12 weeks' duration. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-power therapy (HPL) with core stabilization exercise (CSE), in the treatment of CLBP. Method: A total of 30 female patients participated in this study, with a mean (SD) age of 32.23 (7.85) years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups and treated with HPL (HPL group, n=15), and core stabilization exercise (EXS group, n=15). ROM of lumbar spine was measured by an inclinometer. The outcomes measured pain and functional disability using visual analog scale (VAS), Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ). Statistical analyses were performed to compare within and between group differences. Results: ROM, VAS, RDQ and MODQ showed significantly improve after 4-week treatment in both groups (P<0.05). However, there was no significant between-group differences in any variables (P>0.05). Conclusions: Both treatments were effective in the treatment of CLBP in female athletes.
Exercise Physiology
Fellipe Pinheiro Savioli; Jan Willem Cerf Sprey; Paulo Afonso Mei; Nicole Nardy Paula Razuck; Gabriela Thabata Bruno Cilla; Tatiana Ciocler Trahtenberg; Guilherme de Vieira Giorelli; Pedro Baches Jorge
Abstract
Purpose: Sleep and exercise influence each other through complex interactions. Sleep disorders incidence in athletes are high among several sports. Method: 24 CrossFit practitioners, of both genders, between the ages of 25 and 35, presenting difficulty in initiating sleep, with a total sleep time of ...
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Purpose: Sleep and exercise influence each other through complex interactions. Sleep disorders incidence in athletes are high among several sports. Method: 24 CrossFit practitioners, of both genders, between the ages of 25 and 35, presenting difficulty in initiating sleep, with a total sleep time of less than 6 hours per night, were recruited into a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that lasted 8 weeks. Participants received capsules containing 3 mg of melatonin + 1200 mg of GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid) or placebo at 10:00 pm daily. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), cortisol and testosterone levels were measured and total-body skeletal muscle mass (TBSMM) by Lee’s equation performed by two different examiners. Results: Group melatonin + GABA gained an average of 600g of TBSMM while the control group lost 200g (p = 0.295). Both groups improve PSQI score (p = 0.007). No difference was found in cortisol and testosterone level. Conclusions: Although there was a difference between groups about TBSMM, it wasn’t statistically significant. Further studies will be necessary to demonstrate evidence of increased TBSMM from better sleep quality, with a larger number of participants and a longer trial.
Exercise Physiology
Ebrahim Zarrinkalam; kamal ranjbar; Milad Davoudi
Abstract
Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective training method for improving the aerobic and anaerobic power of athletes; however, the role of activity volume in high-intensity interval training efficiency is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of low- and high-volume ...
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Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective training method for improving the aerobic and anaerobic power of athletes; however, the role of activity volume in high-intensity interval training efficiency is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of low- and high-volume HIIT on aerobic power, anaerobic power, and lactate response in young soccer players were compared. Method: In this study, 24 professional soccer players aged 20 to 22 who had no history of illness or taking supplements were chosen and randomly assigned to two groups of high-volume and low-volume HIIT. High-intensity interval training was completed for eight weeks. Training sessions included 5 min of warm-up, the main training phase, and cooling down. The training phase in the first week included 8 repetitions of 15 s of running with maximum power and 15 s of rest. Every week, the number of repetitions was increased by two. High-volume interval training was conducted for six sessions per week while low-volume interval training was performed for three sessions per week. After the training intervention, aerobic power was measured using the one-mile running test, and anaerobic power was evaluated using the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). Moreover, the level of blood lactate resulting from the RAST test was also measured using a lactometer. To statistical analyses repeated measure ANOVA was used. Results: Blood lactate levels were reduced by 12% (p=0.001) in the high-volume interval group and by 10% (p=0.001) in the low-volume interval group in response to exercise. In addition, statistical analysis revealed that the blood lactate levels in response to exercise after 8 weeks of training were similar in both groups. On the other hand, despite the rise in aerobic and anaerobic power in both groups, there was no significant difference in aerobic and anaerobic power between the high-volume and low-volume groups after eight weeks of interval training. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of the present research indicated that high-intensity interval training will reduce lactate and increase aerobic and anaerobic capacity, regardless of the training volume.
Exercise Physiology
davood asgari; noorali rabiei; nastaran zarezade
Abstract
AbstractBackground and objective: this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity of retired male teachers of Samen city.Materials and methods: The statistical population of this study included the retired male teachers ...
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AbstractBackground and objective: this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity of retired male teachers of Samen city.Materials and methods: The statistical population of this study included the retired male teachers of Samen city. From the statistical population Using random sampling method, 55 retired teachers were selected as sample. The physical activity level of the subjects was done through the Beck questionnaire. The research measurements included determining body weight, height, body mass index, and determining some risk factors for coronary heart disease, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and fasting blood glucose (FBG). For data analysis, appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics methods including Kolmogorov Smirnov test and Pearson correlation were used at a significance level of 0.05.Result: After examination, the results of this study showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between the level of physical activity with FBG, TC, LDL and a positive and significant correlation with HDL. While, there was no significant relationship between physical activity level and triglyceride level.Conclusion: Considering the unfavorable situation of cardiovascular risk factors in elderly men, and considering the positive effect of physical activity and exercise in reducing these factors, it is necessary to take measures to emphasize regular exercise programs and improve their health.
Exercise Physiology
Parisa Ghasemi; Farzad Nazem; Masoud Etemadifar; Mohsen Parvani
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted aiming to investigate the effect of selected TRX and Pilates training on balance parameters, fatigue index, and quality of life in female patients of multiple sclerosis. Method: In this study, 30 female patients with MS in Isfahan city with an average age of 37.41 ± ...
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Purpose: This study was conducted aiming to investigate the effect of selected TRX and Pilates training on balance parameters, fatigue index, and quality of life in female patients of multiple sclerosis. Method: In this study, 30 female patients with MS in Isfahan city with an average age of 37.41 ± 7.57 years and a history of MS of 11.31 ± 3.77 years and an Expanded Disability Status Scale of 0.84 ± 1.81 were placed in three groups including control, TRX and Pilates groups. The training program consisted of eight weeks including 3 sessions of 60 minutes of exercise per week. In order to investigate balance, fatigue, and quality of life, the Berg test, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life were used respectively. SPSS version 25 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of this study have shown that both exercise programs have led to a significant improvement in the mean parameters of balance (P < 0.005), fatigue (P < 0.005), and quality of life (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering the noticeable impact of these training protocols on the quality of life, balance and fatigue, these interventions can be considered as an efficient and cost-effective methods to improve health condition in MS patients.
Exercise Physiology
Bahman Ebrahimi_Torkamani; Marefat Siahkoohian; ahmad fasihi
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combination training on serum levels of irizin, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and some cardiovascular risk factors in inactive overweight men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 32 inactive ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combination training on serum levels of irizin, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and some cardiovascular risk factors in inactive overweight men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 32 inactive overweight men participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into 4 groups: aerobic training, resistance training, combination training and control. Serum levels of irizin, AIP and lipid profile of subjects were measured before and after eight weeks of exercise. Results: After eight weeks of exercise intervention, irizin levels increased significantly in all three experimental groups (P <0.05). Also, AIP decreased significantly in all three training groups (P <0.05). On the other hand, in examining the differences between groups, a significant difference was observed between the groups in AIP and irisin (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of exercise training can possibly cause favorable changes in plasma irisin and biochemical parameters of the blood in overweight people. Also, combined training seems to have more favorable effects than other training methods.
Exercise Physiology
bakhtyar tartibian; ahmad fasihi; Bahman Ebrahimi_Torkamani
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was compares the effects of 10 weeks High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity aerobic training (MIAT) on serum levels of homocysteine and some cardiovascular risk factors in overweight inactive men. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, nineteen ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was compares the effects of 10 weeks High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity aerobic training (MIAT) on serum levels of homocysteine and some cardiovascular risk factors in overweight inactive men. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, nineteen overweight men voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided to 2 Groups: High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity aerobic training (MIAT). Subjects performed training programs for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The levels of homocysteine and lipid profile were measured before and after 10 weeks of training programs. For statistical data analysis, independent and paired t tests were used and considered significant at a p≤0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that both High Intensity Interval training and moderate intensity aerobic training caused a significant reduction of homocysteine levels (P≤0.05). After 10 weeks of high -intensity periodic exercise, cholesterol levels (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.002) decreased significantly and HDL levels were significantly increased (p = 0.001), In MIAT training group, only a significant reduction in cholesterol was found (P=0.006). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that both High Intensity Interval training and moderate intensity aerobic training have favorable effects in reducing body weight and some cardiovascular risk factors.
Exercise Physiology
Mahmoud Khodadoost; Marefat Siahkuhian; Leila Fasihi
Abstract
Purpose: The activity of plasma liver enzymes is intensified under the influence of sports activities, which is affected by the duration, intensity, type and method of training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a special endurance training session on the activity of serum alkaline ...
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Purpose: The activity of plasma liver enzymes is intensified under the influence of sports activities, which is affected by the duration, intensity, type and method of training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a special endurance training session on the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase liver enzymes in inactive young men.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 16 young inactive men were purposefully selected and examined in two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group performed Bruce's protocol after preliminary warm-up. Blood samples were collected before the test, immediately after the test, 24 hours and 48 hours after the test from both groups at the same time, and the amount of serum ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) and AST (Aspartate Transaminase) enzymes were measured using an Auto analyzer. Statistical analysis of the data, independent T-test was used to compare the results of two groups and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between different stages of sampling with a minimum significance level (P≥0.05).Results: The results of the independent T-test in the comparison between the groups showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the amount of ALP enzyme in the time intervals immediately after the activity (P≥0.020), but in the time intervals of 24 (P≥0.177) and 48 hours (P≥0.136), there is no significant difference between the two groups after the activity. The results of the independent T test did not show any significant changes in the amount of AST enzyme in any of the time intervals in the comparison between groups.Conclusion: Fatigue-inducing sports activity leads to an increase in the amount of enzymes, ALP, this increase can be a sign of damage to liver cells or heart muscle. Considering the role of recovery in liver damage, it seems that by considering enough rest time, it is possible to help improve the adaptation process while preventing the occurrence of muscle and liver damage
Exercise Physiology
Ali Livani; Fatemeh Khodadadi-Mian Abadi; Fatemeh Amiri Pari; Reza Farzi-Zadeh
Abstract
Purpose: Osteoporosis usually starts at a young age and progresses slowly over time. Therefore timely diagnosis of this disease plays an effective role in raising the level of health and public health in the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some indicators of ...
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Purpose: Osteoporosis usually starts at a young age and progresses slowly over time. Therefore timely diagnosis of this disease plays an effective role in raising the level of health and public health in the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some indicators of osteoporosis and bone mineral density of the pelvis in active elderly men.
Methods: This study was semi-experimental. 25 active elderly men with the age range of 60 to 85 years were selected as available and with medical records. Anthropometric characteristics and serum indices of subjects were used as effective indices of osteoporosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between bone mineral density of the pelvis and effector indices, data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 software.
Results: The results of this research showed that in the active elderly men, there is a significant relationship between age (P=0.044), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.021), serum calcium (P=0.037) and phosphorus levels (P=0.046) and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.016), with bone mineral density (BMD) of the pelvis. No significant relationship was found between vitamin D with BMD of the pelvis (P=0.055).
Conclusion: In general, the results show that there is a significant relationship between bone density and body mass index, calcium and serum alkaline phosphatase indices in active elderly men. Therefore, it is possible to use the serum levels of these indicators in predicting this disease, and exercise may also be one of the influencing factors, so the effect of exercise on other bone density indicators can be investigated.
Exercise Physiology
Shirin Banitalebi Dehkordi; Mohammad Faramarzi; Mostafa Rahimi; Afraseyab Sadeghi
Abstract
Purpose: Haematological, hormonal, biochemical and physical performance parameters were altered after long-term soccer training in professional soccer players. These alterations can be influenced by different contextual factors such as playing surface, training load, duration of training and competition. ...
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Purpose: Haematological, hormonal, biochemical and physical performance parameters were altered after long-term soccer training in professional soccer players. These alterations can be influenced by different contextual factors such as playing surface, training load, duration of training and competition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the haematological, inflammatory, antioxidant and physical performance of beach soccer players during the competitive season of the beach soccer. Method: The study examined 15 elite beach soccer players in Iranian beach soccer primer league (age 24.64 ± 4.01 y, weight 75.08 ± 8.15 kg, height 181.00 ± 5.17 cm, body mass index 22.76 ± 2.36) from the pre-season, mid-season and end-season. Measurements of haematological, inflammatory, antioxidants indices and aerobic / anaerobic power were repeated in the pre-season, mid-season and end-season. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine indicators change during league season. Results: Significant decrease in SOD (p = 0.001), TAC (p = 0.043) and anaerobic power (p ≤ 0.048) and significant increase in GPx (p = 0.001), ALT (p = 0.022) was observed from pre-season to the end of the season. LDH levels showed a significant increase in the mid-season compared to the pre-season (p = 0.042) and a significant decrease at the end of the season compared to the mid-season(p = 0.014). However, no significant changes were observed in other indices during the competition season(p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: It is suggested that some physical and physiological fatigue markers ar increase during mid-season. Therefore, beach soccer players may be monitored continuously during the competition season in order to be able to provide the best training, nutrition and recovery systems for performance optimization. Coaches may use the interplay between biomarker alterations and physical performance changes to better manage workload and monitor fatigue during beach soccer training and competition.
