Exercise Physiology
Mohaddeseh Bashtani; Sina Radaei; Rozhan karami; Nazanin Zahra Azizi; Kamian Khazai
Abstract
Background and purpose: Physical activity is effective on the serum level of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine and also reduces psychological disorders such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of walking on plasma levels of dopamine and the level of ...
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Background and purpose: Physical activity is effective on the serum level of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine and also reduces psychological disorders such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of walking on plasma levels of dopamine and the level of depression in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease. Method: In this semi-experimental study, 20 women with Alzheimer's disease with an average age of 73.5 ± 7.72 years who were suffering from moderate to severe depression according to the Beck questionnaire with the opinion of a psychiatrist in a targeted manner and the sample available for were selected to participate in the research. The subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups of 10 people, including the experimental group (walking) and the control group (without regular physical activity). The subjects in the walking group exercised on the treadmill for eight weeks three sessions per week and each session lasted 30-45 minutes with an intensity of 60-75% of the maximum heart rate. Before and after the exercise intervention, blood samples were taken from the cubital vein of all participants in a 12-hour fasting state. Serotonin and dopamine levels were evaluated by ELISA method. The results were extracted using the paired t test and covariance at a significance level of 0.5. Findings: 8 weeks of walking led to a significant increase in dopamine levels (p=0.005) and a significant decrease in depression (p=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: It seems that walking can have positive effects on some neurotransmitters and reduce the level of depression in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease.
Nafiseh Barjasteh-Asgari; Hashem Piri; Minoo Azizi-Ashraf; Rahman Sheikhhoseini
Abstract
Purpose: Muscle flexibility is a component of physical fitness. Using traditional tools in muscle length evaluation tests creates challenges. Therefore, the use of smartphones and health-related software as an alternative method has become widespread. This study aimed to investigate smartphones' intra- ...
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Purpose: Muscle flexibility is a component of physical fitness. Using traditional tools in muscle length evaluation tests creates challenges. Therefore, the use of smartphones and health-related software as an alternative method has become widespread. This study aimed to investigate smartphones' intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity for measuring hamstring muscle length. Method: In a blinded study design, two researchers measured hamstring flexibility through four types of tests on each of the 22 asymptomatic participants with a total of 44 lower limbs. The measurements were compared between the traditional goniometer method and the practical smartphone application method. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the reliability of each smartphone measurement, and Bland-Altman analysis was used to check the measurement errors. The validity of the two methods was also investigated. Results: Intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC≥0.8) were good to almost perfect. In intra-rater reliability, PSLR angle showed consistent imprecision; other tests were free of systematic error and measurement error. The inter-rater reliability revealed a constant error in the right leg's PKE angle. A good to excellent correlation (r = 0.817–0.699) was observed in all the measured values, indicating the two methods' validity. Conclusion: These findings support from intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of both instruments when measuring hamstring muscle length.
Exercise Physiology
Bakhtyar Tartibian; Leila Fasihi; Rasoul Eslami
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone density among older adults that can lead to painful fractures and disability. People in developing countries are not interested in examining bone mineral density until fractures occur. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship ...
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Background: Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone density among older adults that can lead to painful fractures and disability. People in developing countries are not interested in examining bone mineral density until fractures occur. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the indicators affecting osteoporosis with femoral mineral density in active and inactive elderly men.Methods: A total of 45 active and 45 inactive men with an age range of 70 to 85 years with medical records and clinical trials were selected. Anthropometric characteristics and serum indices of the subjects were used as effective indicators of osteoporosis. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between the indicators and the mineral density of the femur. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis.Results: The results of the present study showed that in both groups of active and inactive elderly men, a significant relationship was observed between anthropometric characteristics and serum indices with bone mineral density (P≤0.05). No significant relationship was found between other indicators.Conclusion: In general, the results show that there is a significant relationship between bone density and weight, body mass index, age, calcium, phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase of all subjects. Therefore, in adulthood and old age, these blood and anthropometric variables can be used to identify people at risk for osteoporosis.
Exercise Physiology
Rasoul Eslami; Arezoo Soleymani fard; Diako Heidary
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance training types on clinical and functional indices in older individuals with Osteosarcopenia. Method: In this Systematic Review study, a systematic searching strategy was used in information databases such as Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus, ...
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Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance training types on clinical and functional indices in older individuals with Osteosarcopenia. Method: In this Systematic Review study, a systematic searching strategy was used in information databases such as Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Ambace, all of the studies were extracted by using specific keywords such as Strength exercise, Exercise training, Resistance exercise, Resistance training, Strength training, Physical activity, Osteosarcopenia, Aging, Older adult, Elderly which were published on 7th August 2023. After all preliminary screening, surveying of complete text, and assessment of critical studies, scrutinized articles were related to inclusion criteria. Finally, 17 papers were selected for this study. Results: According to the present study, Resistance training for Osteosarcopenia older individuals has an effective result to improve Osteosarcopenia risk factors, and older patients’ performance and clinical status. However, it has to be mentioned that it needs further study in the contexts of Resistance training and Osteosarcopenia syndrome in elderly adults. Conclusion: Resistance exercise training has markedly beneficial effects on elderly patients with Osteosarcopenia which improves Sarcopenia risk factors, and older patients’ performance, clinical status and function of elderly patients.
Exercise Physiology
narges fasihi; Hamid Agha-Alinejad
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is a complex disease that causes oxidative stress by disrupting fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ten weeks of swimming exercises with black seed supplementation on the plasma lipid profile of inactive obese women.Methodology: The swimming training ...
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Objective: Obesity is a complex disease that causes oxidative stress by disrupting fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ten weeks of swimming exercises with black seed supplementation on the plasma lipid profile of inactive obese women.Methodology: The swimming training group performed swimming exercises for 10 weeks and three sessions a week with an intensity of 60% of the maximum heart rate and the duration of each session was 75 minutes; the black seed-training group also performed both the training and supplement protocols. At the end of the period, blood and anthropometric variables were measured. Blood samples were taken 50 hours before and after two weeks of training in order to check the indicators of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol. Total (TC) was obtained. Covariance analysis and paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05 were used for data analysis.Findings: Investigations showed that there is no significant difference between the groups in the values of HDL-C, LDL-C, TG and TC (P>0.05). However, in the intra-group comparison, hockey results have a significant difference in HDL-C, LDL-C, TG and TC in the training and training-supplement and black seed groups.Conclusion: It seems that taking two weeks of swimming exercises along with black seed supplement improves some of the fat profile indicators and can probably be effective in improving the complications caused by obesity.
Exercise Physiology
Bahman Ebrahimi_Torkamani; Marefat Siahkohian
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between two key components of exhausting running at Heart Rate Deflection Point (HRDP) in girls.Methodology: A number of 40 girls of physical education of Mohaghegh Ardabili University were selected as subjects with an age range ...
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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between two key components of exhausting running at Heart Rate Deflection Point (HRDP) in girls.Methodology: A number of 40 girls of physical education of Mohaghegh Ardabili University were selected as subjects with an age range of 19 to 23 years. Then, they ran individually in four separate sessions with an intensity of 70, 80, 90 and 100% of heart rate breaking point with a minimum interval of 72 hours. Using non-linear regression, the relationship between exercise volume and intensity was analyzed.Findings: The findings showed that the inverse relationship between the volume (as a dependent variable) and the intensity (as an independent variable) of exhausting running at the HRDP of young girls' follows the non-linear 2nd degree function.Discussion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that the inverse relationship between the volume and the intensity of running is non-linear. The noteworthy point is that in this estimation, the training volume was fitted based on the intensity, the relevant equation, which has a practical aspect for sports science trainers and researchers.
Exercise Physiology
hasan Naghizade Ghezel Ahmad; Hamidreza Fallah Yakhdani; solaleh hoseinzade; alireza babaei mazreno
Abstract
The purpose of the present research is the effect eight week exercise resistance increasing and one period lack of practice so from it on Indicators FS % , RWT the ventricle left in women low It was mobility. The research method was a semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory ...
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The purpose of the present research is the effect eight week exercise resistance increasing and one period lack of practice so from it on Indicators FS % , RWT the ventricle left in women low It was mobility. The research method was a semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory manner. Number 32 person of women Sedentary people who were able to regularly participate in the exercise protocol and criteria for entering the research were randomly selected to the face random in two group : 1- Practice resistant ( 16 people ) , 2- control ( 16 people ) were placed. Anthropometric characteristics, body composition and structural indices and percentage of left ventricular muscle fiber shortening ( FS % ), relative thickness of the left ventricular wall ( RWT ) They were measured with an echocardiography device in three stages (before the start of training, at the end of 8 weeks of training and at the end of 4 weeks of non-training) using standard tools and echocardiography device. The training protocol was implemented for 12 weeks, which included 8 weeks of training program with three sessions per week and 4 weeks of non-training after that. Collected data using statistical tests Independent t , analysis of variance with repeated measurements at the significance level of p > 0.05 were analyzed with SPSS 21 software .The results showed that
Exercise Physiology
Mojtaba Ghorbani Asiabar; Morteza Ghorbani Asiabar; Alireza Ghorbani Asiabar
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome composition, athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery in endurance athletes following probiotic supplementation. Methodology: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 male endurance runners ...
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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome composition, athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery in endurance athletes following probiotic supplementation. Methodology: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 male endurance runners (age: 28.3 ± 5.2 years) were randomly assigned to either a probiotic (n=20) or placebo (n=20) group for 8 weeks. The probiotic group received a daily supplement containing a blend of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus plantarum (20 billion CFU total). Fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Athletic performance was assessed through VO2max testing and time to exhaustion. Recovery was evaluated by measuring delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Results: The probiotic group showed a significant increase in gut microbial diversity (Shannon index: p<0.01) and relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (p<0.001).Significant improvements were observed in VO2max (4.7%, p<0.05)and time to exhaustion (7.2%, p<0.01) in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The probiotic group also demonstrated reduced DOMS (23%, p<0.05)and lower peak CK levels (18%, p<0.01) relative to the placebo group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes in Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium abundances were significant predictors of performance improvement (R² = 0.68, p<0.001).Conclusion: This study provides evidence that gut microbiome modulation through probiotic supplementation can enhance athletic performance and accelerate post-exercise recovery in endurance runners. These findings suggest that targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a novel strategy for improving sports performance and recovery.
Exercise Physiology
Naser Rostamzadeh; Dara Latif Saifaddin; Saeed Abdi; Saiwan Sirwan Muhammed
Abstract
Background and purpose: Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on serum levels of irisin, follistatin and metabolic status of overweight and obese women.Materials and methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre and post-test design. ...
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Background and purpose: Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on serum levels of irisin, follistatin and metabolic status of overweight and obese women.Materials and methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre and post-test design. 30 women with an average age of 22.9±2.11 years, weight 82.45±6.1 kg, BMI above 28 kg/m2) voluntarily participated and they were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people including HIIT (4 bouts of 60 seconds of running at an intensity of 80-90% HRmax with a 4-minute rest in the first four weeks) and control (did not have a regular exercise program). Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the start of the training period and 48 hours after the end of the last session, to measure irisin, Follistatin and metabolic status, by ELISA method. Then, independent t-test was used to examine changes between groups, and correlated t-test was used for intragroup comparison. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of 0.05.Findings:After 8 weeks of intervention, the HIIT group showed that HIIT exercises led to a significant increase in irisin(p=0.25) and follistatin(p=0.12), triglyceride (p=0.30), total cholesterol levels. (p=0.41), LDL (p=0.14), VLDL (p=0.17), weight (p=0.31), fat percentage (p =0.21)) and BMI (p=0.251);And there was a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.11). However, no significant change was observed in the amount of HDL (p=0.55).
Exercise Physiology
kamal ranjbar; Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
Abstract
Background and purpose: Caffeine is a widely used and available physiological stimulant that is effective in sports performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine consumption and exercise on fatigue and cardiovascular responses in active men.Materials and methods: The ...
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Background and purpose: Caffeine is a widely used and available physiological stimulant that is effective in sports performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine consumption and exercise on fatigue and cardiovascular responses in active men.Materials and methods: The statistical population of this research was made up of all male students of physical education in the age range of 19 to 27 years with at least three activity sessions per week. 15 of them were selected as subjects and they performed the exercise protocol in two stages (the first stage by eating placebo and the second stage by eating coffee). Subjects consumed 5 mg/kg of coffee in the first session under placebo conditions, and in the second session, subjects consumed 5 mg/kg of coffee one hour before the test. Blood samples were collected before taking placebo or caffeine and after the test. Findings: The results of the correlated t-test showed that the consumption of caffeine supplements significantly increased the time to reach fatigue and the index of oxygen consumption after exercise. In general, it can be said that active men can use 6 mg/kg of caffeine supplement one hour before sports activity to improve the time to reach fatigue.
